1. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.1; in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, repr. 1989) 1:358.

2. Dan Brown, The DaVinci Code (New York: Doubleday, 2003) 234.

3. The Gospel of Judas, ed. Rodolphe Kasser, Marvin Meyer, and Gregory Wurst (Washingdon, D.C.: National Geographic, 2006); and Herbert Krosney, The Lost Gospel: The Quest for the Gospel of Judas Iscariot (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2006). For a somewhat scathing critique of the process which has disclosed the book, see James M. Robinson, The Secrets of Judas: The Story of the Misunderstood Disciple and His Lost Gospel (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2006).